Being Wrong Summary - 1419 Words

Being Wrong In the book Being Wrong by Karthryn Schultz, wrongness, or â€Å"err† as Schultz puts it, is explained and exposed as being a part of our everyday lives. There are many reasons for our wrongness which most people don’t recognize. These include trickery of the senses, Confabulation, or making thing up even if we don’t know we are, mistreating evidence, societal influence, prior beliefs, and the need to feel certain. These mistakes may seem detrimental to learning and understanding. However, being consciously aware of these mistakes can allow for major discovery, deeper understanding of the truth, and finally an overall method to advance human thought. I think that wrongness is vital to help us learn and change as long as we become†¦show more content†¦When a confabulation is exposed friction is created and no progress is made. If we were able to say â€Å"I don’t know† and find a way to acknowledge our ignorance then our lives would improve immensely. According to Schultz our lives will improve in three ways, â€Å"1. Free means to rescue ourselves from our own ridiculousness 2. Help de-escalate the unwinnable battles 3. A new category for a common experience.† This would all be possible if we recognized this flaw and would allow for more truthful results. A common confabulation occurs within memories, specifically â€Å"Flashbulb memories.† A flashbulb memory is a memory in which one is so sure and concrete about they deny any contradictions because they â€Å"remember it just like it was yesterday.† These memories are specific in the sense that they are out of the normal occurrences, disasters, attacks, tragedies etc..., and are often inaccurate. These memories and all memories are the reconstructing of events etc..., and since â€Å"We can’t feel the process... We can’t feel the places in that process where distortions and errors can creep in.† A great example of a flashbulb memory error lies with a man named Ulric Neisser. On December 7th, 1941, Ulric was listening to a radio when he discovered Pearl Harbor had been attacked. This made a huge impression on the Ulric leaving him with a memory of a radio announcer interrupting aShow MoreRelatedA Summary About The Writer s Experience With Ethical Dec ision Making885 Words   |  4 PagesThe essay will talk about a summary about the writer’s experience with ethical decision making. The events that was covered the summary’s, about the five ethical decisions in life. From the judgments of the bad or good, or right and wrong, proper or improper, and also just or unjust. The writer has made some terrible decisions, which lead to some consequences. Also, there has been some life altering decisions made in the summaries below. The first decision that made in life has to be in high schoolRead MoreQuantitative And Qualitative And Quantitative Data1588 Words   |  7 Pagesoutside the sandwich bar. This is also shown is appendix 2. Quantitative data is found externally when the manger reviews the stock list to order the needed ingredients and products. The manager finds this information from the secondary source of the summary sheets found from the cashier which shows the manager what products and items have been sold through the week. The numbers re then compared to the stock list to find out what items need ordering. Characteristics of good information systems I haveRead MoreMill s Progressive Principles By David Brink Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesmoralism. I will start with the summary of legal moralism, then I will continue with a small concept of the Devlin and Mill debate about legal moralism. Then I will move onto my critique, in which I will agree with Mill, that we should reject legal moralism. I will start with simple definition in order to understand the concept, then I will move on to the pros of legal moralism according to Devlin, then I will end with why we should reject legal moralism. 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Back at Nanapushs placeRead MoreResearch Paper of Broken Family1693 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization in this community were also asked for a quick interview. The fact that STMA boasts of Numerous awards in the performing arts, sports and academics serves enough information to arouse our curiosity. This study also hopes to establish whether being Part of broken family influences makes student a leader, a troublemaker, or a nuisance to the school. Chapter II : Related Literature The selection and influence has historically been ignored in research on proximate broken family influence. ManyRead MoreI Have Always Hated Writing Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pageswriting it as a summary was hard. My summary would never be long enough. I would write about what mainly happen and all the major events but that was never good enough. I had to take a extra reading and writing class in highschool. From those classes I took with me the skills of analyzing and critiquing stories along with my own writings. I would look over my mistakes which were mostly grammar related, and rewrite them for extra points. Once it was explained to me what was wrong I rarely made thoseRead MoreThe Method Of Development : William Shakespeare s Othello1359 Words   |  6 PagesExplanation: In this quote one can see how Iago uses harsh words and animal terms to describe Othello. He tries to instigate fear into Brabantio’s mind about a black man marry and sleeping with his white daughter w hich at that time was uncommon. Summary statement Thus, Iago discriminated Othello by what he said to Brabantio, which shows inequality between the characters. Transition word: Another example of Discrimination is when Point #2: Iago discriminated Cassio because he found favour in the eyesRead MoreV. St. Louis Hockey Club1617 Words   |  7 Pagesruling. The plaintiff appealed the ruling, as they believed that they were entitled to punitive damages. The defendant, on the other-hand, appealed; as they believed that the district court was wrong not to grand their initial motion for a summary judgment. The defendant believed that the court had been wrong to not accept their motion because the tort at issue, the body check, was an inherent risk of the game of hockey. The appellants (defendants in the trial case) argued that the body-check, even

St. Augustine vs. Machiavelli a Comparison of the Good...

Ben Parrish St. Augustine vs. Machiavelli: A comparison of the Good Society Final Project 09/01/13 Both St. Augustine and Machiavelli believed that in order to understand the true nature of society you must see men for what they truly were. Augustine and Machiavelli are similar in their pessimistic views toward human nature, looking at human self-love and self-interest and believed it to be full of evil, cruelty, betrayal, violence and tied that relationship into the creation of war. For both philosophers a good society is actually something that for almost all men is an unreachable attribute that can only be written about and not actually fully experienced in my view. For Augustine I feel it is a truly heavenly earth where all men are†¦show more content†¦In general, Machiavelli believes people are fundamentally self-interested and unreliable. He writes â€Å"Men are quick to change ruler when they imagine they can improve their lot.† (The Prince) Machiavelli looks at all men as stupid and irrational, incapable of knowing what is actually best for them. He believe s that men would opt for a diet that taste better and completely ignore the fact that there may be a hidden poison within the food because men are so accustom to taking care of their self interest over everything else they are blind to the actual deception of man’s evil intent. In his eye’s all men are greedy, yet gullible, so they are easily acceptable to manipulation and cons. Human nature is nothing more than men behaving as if there is no difference between the nature of man and animal. Just like animals, men possess both good and bad qualities that allow them to survive within the presence of a community. Because man is so anxious to avoid danger, he is able to keep his self interest at bay most of the time. Machiavelli suggests the reason this happens is because a lot of the time people’s self interest actually intertwine. (Erb) The difference between Augustine and Machiavelli is that while Machiavelli feels that all human behavior is conceptual from birt h, Augustine believes that men choose to beShow MoreRelatedKey Differences Between Realism and Neo Realism2781 Words   |  12 Pagestrace its roots in the history within the intellectual works of Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes. Realism is based on an assumption that men as a unit is selfish and egocentric by its nature and is driven by the desire of power. Units are organized into states from which each and every one acts in their own national interest. This self interest can be defined in terms of power. States exist in an international society characterized by the lack of superior and hierarchal defined authority (anarchy)

City lifestyle vs country lifestyle Free Essays

Reading Response practice 38. 8 Why is it that we have so many foreign-born children continuing to speak only their native language and not a scent of English? How successful has bilingual education been? They do live in this country after all, so shouldn’t English be their second language? A perfect example to this problem is in the short essay, â€Å"No Comprehend’. Musical describes how hard it Is for foreign children to learn English In public schools, when the only thing being taught to them Is their native language. We will write a custom essay sample on City lifestyle vs country lifestyle or any similar topic only for you Order Now This frustrates her because the only thing holding back a student’s dream, Is not knowing how to communicate with the same language. She believes that this wouldn’t be a problem If only bilingual education programs did their Job and made sure that each student completed the English course. It is absolutely crucial for bilingual language programs to stop their limitations and focus on the problems. In the article, â€Å"Current Problems in Bilingual Education†,Jose Gardens, a Hispanic born native, addresses the ten most common problems in bilingual education programs. One that stuck out the most is the Premature Transition to English. The reason why I found this one so interesting was because it shows that each student transition to a new language can be accomplished at the same time. Because of this, most students are failing to finish the program and it leaves them back to square one. I believe that this Is a huge Issue today, and if given enough attention, It could be fixed. The fact that 40 percent of Hispanics don’t graduate high school because they lack proficiency In English Is outrageous. That should never be a reason. I blame the programs, and public schools that allow other native languages to be spoken on campus. If a student is trying to learn how to speak English but is being spoken to in their native language, then how are they ever going to learn? Thieve not. We spend all this time in schools that it should be just as easy taking a science course as it is learning English. Should the programs and community pay more attention to English course classes, then the problem would be resolved and another child’s dream wouldn’t be rushed. City lifestyle vs. country lifestyle By illegality English A -err Practice 38. Education been? They do live in this country after all, so shouldn’t English be their Comprehend’. Musical describes how hard it is for foreign children to learn English in public schools, when the only thing being taught to them is their native language. This frustrates her because the only thing holding back a student’s dream, is not wouldn’t b e a problem if only bilingual education programs did their Job and made he article, â€Å"Current Problems in Bilingual Education†, Jose Gardens, a Hispanic born this is a huge issue today, and if given enough attention, it could be fixed. The fact that 40 percent of Hispanics don’t graduate high school because they lack proficiency in English is outrageous. That should never be a reason. I blame the programs, and language, then how are they ever going to learn? They’re not. We spend all this time in schools that it should be Just as easy taking a science course as it is learning How to cite City lifestyle vs country lifestyle, Papers

Sherlock Holmes Comparing The Veiled Lodger, The Speckled Band and Silver Blaze Essay Example For Students

Sherlock Holmes Comparing The Veiled Lodger, The Speckled Band and Silver Blaze Essay Sherlock Holmes Comparing The Veiled Lodger, The Speckled Band and Silver Blaze In this essay I am going to compare three Sherlock Holmes stories. Two of the stories involve females as the victims whereas the other doesnt. These two stories also have something to do with loved ones. All three stories are to do with a murder that has happened and are in the same detective, mystery genre. There are a few similarities between two of these stories, The Veiled Lodger and The Speckled Band as both of these stories are about some sort of a murder that has happened. In The Veiled Lodger the victim is only able to come to Holmes when somebody dies, she can no longer protect them as they are dead. This means she is finally able to tell Holmes the whole story. In The Speckled Band the victims sister dies so she has to go to Holmes for help. This makes these two stories quite similar, we can compare these similarities with the differences of Silver Blaze. The Veiled Lodger is about someone, called Mrs Render, coming forward to Holmes about a crime she and her lover committed whilst in the circus. The crime was her lover and Mrs Render plotting and going through with a murder on her husband who she wanted to leave because he was beating her. The plan goes wrong and her lover escapes, leaving Mrs Render with an upset lion who turns on her causing her face so much damage that she now feels she must cover her face at all times. If she hadnt have gone to see Holmes then he would never have solved the crime. Now her lover is dead she can tell the tale. The Speckled Band is about a family from Surrey called the Royletts. The mother dies and leaves her two daughters all her money, but they can only have it when they. The Step-Father must keep it until then. One daughter becomes engaged, then, mysteriously, the night after she has told her Step-Father the good news she is killed. The other daughter finds this suspicious and odd as no-one can find the cause of her sisters death. She goes to Holmes to find out if he can solve the mystery. Silver Blaze is abit different to the other two stories as it is about the abduction of a horse and the murder of its trainer. The police officer accuses the wrong person. After looking closely at the clues and with a little help from Watson, Holmes solves the crime. He finds out that is was actually the horse that killed the trainer because the trainer was trying to injure the horse and jeopardise the horses chances of winning the race. We can compare the victims in both The Veiled Lodger and The Speckled Band. Both victims are female, Mrs Render from The Veiled Lodger and Helen Stoner from The Speckled Band. Mrs Render was once in the circus with her husband, Mr Render. During the story nothing much was given away about Mrs Renders personality except in the past it seems like she used to be a really energetic, outgoing bubbly woman but now she likes to keep herself to herself and not trouble anyone. You could not have a quieter lodger, or one who gives less trouble In the story we find out that her husband was a wife beater maybe this, plus the fact that she wears a veil all the time could have something to do with why she seems to have gone back into her shell. She has been in the circus since she was ten. We also find out that she was once a very beautiful woman but since the accident she has covered her face in a veil and looks thin and ill. Her health, Mr Holmes. She seems to be wasting away. The story doesnt really tell us much about how has felt in the past, it does however tell us how she feels after the accident. Towards the end of the story she tells Holmes that she feels that low about herself she wants to commit suicide. Your life is not your own he said keep your hands off it. Mrs Render has something in common with Helen Stoner, as Helens Step-Father seems to have a really short temper and seems to go completely mad and angry at times and loose control. Helen Stoner is less than thirty years old yet her hair is starting to turn a silver grey colour and her facial expressions seem to be growing old too soon. Her features and figure were those of a woman of thirty, but her hair was shot with premature grey, and her expression was weary and haggard. Her family was at one time amongst the richest in England but the last four successive heirs were dissolute and wasteful so eventually there was nothing left. The description at the start of the story tells us that she is very nervous and frightened. She was indeed in a pitiable state of agitation, her face all drawn and grey, with restless, frightened eyes The grey hair at such a young age tells us that she has maybe suffered a stressful life so far. In the past it seems that she didnt or indeed doesnt like the life she living. She also feels extremely isolated. This is something that she has in common with Mrs Render, showing that these two characters are very similar. Maybe both characters are bruised by something that has happened in the past and they both cant seem to get away from it, like it is haunting them. Another set of characters which have similarities are the villains Mr Render and Dr Roylett. The first thing that I noticed about both characters was their fiery tempers. Both characters are uncontrollable in his anger It also seems to me that both men enjoy being around wild or exotic animals. Mr Render owned a circus which had a wild lion and Dr Roylett had his roaming cheetah and baboon. It seems that, from what has been said about Dr Royletts background his life has been up and down. He has taken a medical degree then went out to Calcutta where he set up his own large practice. After robberies at his house in anger he beat his native butler to death and narrowly escaped a capital sentence he was put in prison then returned to England a morose and disappointed man Once his wife died things went even more down hill. The way that these characters are described gives the reader clues to what their personalities are like. At one point Mr Render is described as a huge porcine the reader gets the impression that Mr Render is a large pig like looking man. A commentary ‘The water was deep and it went forever down’ by Tim Winton EssayThe three stories are organised mainly in narrative as the setting is described in the narrative. Even though there is mainly narrative there is still abit of dialogue. The stories have a clear really clear beginning. You dont get confused because its not too complex. When you get into the middle it gets abit more complicated but is still really easy to grip as you have already read the beginning so you have an idea of what is going on. Its a bit more complicated because the narrator is telling us the plot of the crime but also the victim is having flashbacks. Throughout most of the story Watson is the narrator but at times this can change for example when the victim is describing the plot or what has happened. The role of Watson is really important in these stories as the reader is following in Watsons footsteps ad they see and think the same as he does. This is how the reader finds out about each crime and what may have caused it. As Holmes is describing the crime to Watson he is actually telling the reader as well. This is really effective as if Watson wasnt there then the reader wouldnt know what is happening and why it is happening. Also in The Speckled Band Helen Stoners story and her views are, what I think, gets Holmes on the trail of thinking that it was her Step-Father. As she showed Holmes round the room in which her sister was killed Holmes found some rather unusual things which he turns into clues for the murder. For example the bell pulls. Pointing to a thick bell-rope which hung down beside the tassel and a little air vent that was not fastened to an outside wall but was linked to her fathers room. Also the conversation that Holmes has with Watson about the bed being fastened to the floor helps us figure out slowly how Holmes solved the crime. In The Veiled Lodger we gradually find out what has happened by Watson asking Holmes all about the crime and also Holmes asking Mrs Render questions about the night of the murder. After a while it slowly changes to Holmes not asking any questions just Mrs Render telling us herself exactly how things happened. If Holmes didnt but in sometimes and interrupt her Mrs Render would have given us the whole story herself. Throughout Mrs Render telling us the story she uses a lot of first person narrative except where she is describing the people and their reactions. The stories are all detective stories but one is unusual for Holmes as he hasnt been able to solve the crime for along time and still doesnt manage to as his mind is put to rest by Mrs Render telling him. It is one of a few mysteries that Holmes doesnt manage to solve and was genuinely puzzled by. A few clues are given to us highlighting the fact that the stories are of a Victorian melodrama. The way the author uses poison and a club as a murder weapon shows that technology is not at its highest standard, also the way he uses a veiled woman and a lion are also clues. There are elements in The Speckled Band of a gothic story. The way it is set in a dark gloomy place and all three crimes happen at night , strange events happening like Mrs Render having repairs done on a room that didnt need repairing when they are short of money. The use of violence and mystery are involved in the story and the use of the vent could resemble a hidden passage. All throughout the story you find little things that add up to make a gothic story. During the period that these stories were written the general public had a deep resentment against the police as they did not seem to be protecting the public. Also at this very same time the infamous Jack the ripper was loose on the streets. Once Holmes surfaced straight away the public took a liking to him as he did everything that public hoped the police would do. For example solve all the crimes and always defeat evil. At the same time in the Victorian ere the role of women was very different. Women had very few rights and were thought of as lower class. The men had more authority and control over what happened in everything including divorce. If a woman was divorced she was treated like an outcast and people didnt want to know her whereas if a male was divorced it wouldnt matter he would get treated the same. Holmes feels very sympathetic towards the women but wouldnt allow Mrs Render to kill herself. His attitude to Dr Roylett was very different as he seems to enjoy winding him up and does so very easy which shows that he doesnt think much of him. The story which I preferred out of the three was The Speckled Band. I think I preferred this one because were more clues in the story and the reader was finding out about clues the same time as Holmes which means that the reader can even try and solve the mystery for themselves. Also the use of the red herring kept me more interested in the story. I think that the way the author wrote very little about the baboon but then brought it up at that moment in the story was a really effective way as it kept the audience on the edge of their seats as they thought that it was the baboon. I think that was a very clever way of keeping the audience interested. from a clump of laurel bushes there darted what seemed to be a hideous distorted child The use of these words are really effective and help to really create a picture in the readers mind of what the baboon looks like. I also enjoyed the way the author kept the audience in suspense by building up the tension then using the baboon as a false climax. Even though The Speckled Band was my favourite I also liked Silver Blaze for some of the same reasons like the little clues left lying around. straker would not undertake this delicate tendon nicking without a little practice Once the reader reads this their mind thinks back to where we were wondering why Holmes had asked about the sheep. Both these stories kept me interested, The Veiled Lodger wasnt as good but all three stories were better than what I thought they would be.

A Study of Prejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Research Paper Example

A Study of Prejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Research Paper Example A Study of Prejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Paper A Study of Prejudice in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Paper Essay Topic: A Woman Killed With Kindness Literature To Kill a Mockingbird We see in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee an assortment of racial, social, religious and gender prejudice. The narrative is set in the small town of Maycomb, located in Alabama. The era is the early 1930s, a very prejudiced time in the southern states of America. This period of history was also the time of the Great Depression that occurred due to the Wall Street Crash in 1929. This novel is based upon a court case of a black man that is accused of the rape of a white woman. This tale is split up into two different parts. Part one introduces the main characters and portrays the several different prejudices which they both feel and experience. The second part of this novel presents the case of Tom Robinson, the black man. To Kill a Mockingbird focuses predominantly on the subject of racial prejudice throughout its entirety. There were an excessive amount of prejudice people at this time in the southern states. The Civil War ended in 1876, giving the blacks their deserved freedom from slavery. Even though the war had come to a close so long before the story takes place, in the 1930s, racial tension is still very high. There is strain between the blacks and the whites because the blacks legally are not subject to the whites anymore, yet the whites do not want to change their ways of living above the blacks, with the blacks under their authority. Even the small town of Maycomb was greatly overruled by the prejudices of whites; Atticus, his family, and Miss Maudie, are shown as the only unprejudiced people throughout the whole of the Maycomb County. Mr Ewell, the man who accuses Tom Robinson of raping his daughter, is by far the most prejudiced man in the whole novel. We see this right after the trial when Bob Ewell stops Atticus on the post office corner, spits in his face and says, according to Miss Stephanie Crawford, Hed get him if it took the rest of his life. The reader might consider that this doesnt show prejudice, but we see that throughout the novel Bob Ewell hates the unprejudice white people like Atticus. We see later on in the book that Tom Robinson is probably innocent and falsely accused. Because of Mr Ewell accusing Tom and causing his conviction, this eventually brings about the death of Tom. The black community is presented throughout the story in a very positive light. The Finchs maid is a loving, tender-hearted woman, who cares for Jem and Scout, bringing them up as if they were her own children, disciplining them at appropriate times, and giving them a mothers love. Tom Robinson is a very hard-working family man, praised by his employer, that That boys worked for me for eight years and I aint had a speck o trouble outa him. Not a speck. His kindness is shown in his feelings for Mayella Ewell, he felt right sorry for her. After the trial, when Calpurnia brings Atticus into the kitchen the next morning, the kitchen table was loaded with enough food to bury the family, brought by the black community, because they preciate what you did, Mr Finch. Gender prejudice is focused on in this book a great deal less than racial prejudice. Gender prejudice is defined as attributing certain characteristics to one sex or other which is not based on reason or experience. Jem told me I was being a girl, that girls always imagined things. We see that women were treated more as servants and maids than as wives and helpers in the 1930s. They were not allowed to sit on a jury because they were considered too frail. At the beginning of the book, Scout relates, I sat at the little table in the dining room; Jem and Francis sat with the adults at the dinning table. Scout feels that Aunty dislikes her because she isnt enough of a lady. We believe Scouts aunt is unreasonable in her demand on her to sit alone, because at such a young age it is abnormal for a young girl to sit still and try to be a lady. Throughout the novel, Scout is constantly embarrassed by, or embarrasses her aunty because of her continuous tom-boy attitude. The second strongest discrimination that is shown in this story is the social prejudice of Maycomb County. The Ewells are perceived as low down people, because they are poor and dirty and never going to school. They are despised by the middle class almost as much as blacks of Maycomb. Another poor family that is depicted, is the Cunninghams. When Walter Cunningham comes over for dinner, he poured syrup on his vegetables, and meatand probably would have poured it into his milk glass if (Scout) hadnt asked him what the sam hill he was doing. The book displays the Cunninghams as honest and upright people, they never took anything they couldnt pay back but because of their poverty they are looked down upon in the society. One of the Cunninghams sat on the jury during Tom Robinsons trial, in the beginning he was rarin for an outright acquittal. The Radleys, Jem and Scouts next door neighbour, have a son named Arthur Radley but all the children in the neighbourhood call him Boo. There is social prejudice shown here, in that he is not accepted because he is different from most people. The reason the children call him Boo is because for years time no one had seen him and the kids imagined him to be a ghost. There was a incident when Boo was thirty years of age he stabbed his father in the leg with a pair of scissors. Boo was imprisoned in the basement of the county jail until one day his father took him home and he was never seen again. Inside the house lived a malevolent phantom Any stealthy crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. The pecans from the Radley tree fall into the school yard, but they lay untouched because Radley pecans would kill youfolks say he pizened em and put em over on the school side of the fence. This shows how intolerant the county is against Boo, just for one crime he is sent to jail and is never seen again after his father takes him home. No one really knows Boo Radley but he is suspected by all that he is a crook and a killer. This is displayed, one September afternoon, Scout nearly smashes a roly-poly but is stopped by her brother. She asks, Why couldnt I mash him? Jem says, Because they dont bother you. Jem is learning to empathize with others, including Boo. You can shoot all the blue jays you want, but it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. Atticus told the children when they received air rifles. Miss Maudie explained Your father is right, mockingbirds dont do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They dont eat up peoples gardens, dont nest in corncribs, they dont do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That is way its a sin to kill a mockingbird. Mockingbirds here symbolize both Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. These two persons are harmless to society, yet because of the time and age, they are looked down upon and despised. This is the real sin, because they are not only harmless, but defenceless. Religious prejudice plays a small part in the book, when Cal, the familys black maid, took the children to a black church named First Purchase African M.E. Church. There was a big, tall Black woman called Lula and she objected to Cal bringing Scout and Jem to the black church. Lula wants to know why you bringin white chillum to a nigger church. This shows that the churches are segregated from each other, and that the Black church does not accept white people and the white church does not accept the Black people. We see later on that the children are asked to stay; this is because their father Atticus is not prejudiced and is defending Tom Robinson. The discrimination and intolerance that Harper Lee is really trying to expose is racial prejudice. This book has caused millions of people to consider the effect that racial prejudice really has. Tom Robinson is killed trying to escape from jail, because although Atticus proved that he was innocent, the jury still convicted him. The story ends with Boo finally coming out of his house, to save Jem and Scout from Mr Ewell, who tries to kill them, showing the children that the way that had imagined Boo was wrong. Over-all, this book teaches everyone something important about prejudice and how to live in the world today.

buy custom Ameribus International essay

buy custom Ameribus International essay This is paper which gives specific answers to a set of four questions which are mainly touching on the business organizations depending on each other and how such dependence is implemented through joint activities or alliances. The first question touch a multinational company Ameribus and the question seeks to clarify which strategy can be used in countering the stiff competition from similar competing companies. The other four questions touch on the other companies with similar objective of enlarging the market that they sell their goods in. In the case of Ameribus International it is clear that there is an urgent need for the company to change its marketing tactics in order to be relevant and command some presence in the market among its rivals who seem to be taking two steps at a time ahead of the company. When a company is in such a position, the leaders ought to make a very carefully analysis of both the market and the rival companies. The strategy that Ameribus will take will depend more on which steps the rival companies have taken and also the market situation. It should be noted that in our case the leadership of Ameribus will play a great role in navigating the company on a path to commanding a good market presence. Given the two options of either transforming into a global or a transnational organization, the role of leadership will play a great part in determining the strategy which Ameribus takes. The leaders role in the short term future is impacted by the present information revolution. This affects the process of leadership by speeding up the inputs, requiring faster and more personal transformation of the product, all in a business climate that builds competition through response time to customer demands. This section is going to look at what should be done for Ameribus to become a global organization. Arguing from the point that already there are other companies in the market which can be said to firm on their market shar then Ameribus will need to adopt the GEMS {(Global Economic Management System) check the chart at the appendices} model which brings together historical, institutional, and regulatory factors. This model contains a multiple of factors which if well implemented will ass ist Ameribus in effectively going global and ensuring that it secures a good portion of the market which seems to be already dominated by its competitors (Porter, n.d.). The model is structured into soft and hard factors. The hard factors are listed as anchor effect, government policy, the agglomeration effects and historical factors. The soft factors in this model include the business climate, innovation and entrepreneurship, element of chance and industry networks. The consideration of all these factors will enable Ameribus to compete effectively. Some of the significant factors which Ameribus should look out for in the course of going global include factors conditions which include the infrastructure, capital and labor availability. The demand conditions like wise ought to be taken into consideration whereby factors such size, growth and proximity of the market is taken into consideration. Other significant factors to be given serious considerations include the supporting industries, public policy, socio-political climate, inter-firm linkages and element of chance (Porter, n.d.). The company leaders should be sensitive to the market dynamics especially where the rival companies command some presence. By going global and being sensitive, it will be make it possible for the company to reach out to the customers amidst the presence of the rival companies. First the managers of Ameribus should be able to scan the global environments, identify relevant opportunities and threats, and design responses that will satisfy customers in ways that competitors cant easily imitate and make sure that these plans are implemented, even as they compete across a variety of geographies. They must be able to accuratelyy sense changes in their competitive environment, including potential shifts in technology, competition, customers, and regulation, and must act on these opportunities and threats; to be able to seize them by reconfiguring them to meet new challenges (Kuglin and Hook 2002). It must capitalize on human resource management in all the continents to maximize on the potential of workers in the profitable bottom line of the organization. This should be done through training programs to give employees necessary information to do their jobs better. For Ameribus to globalize it must also employ what is called acquisition strategy. This helps in deregulation of multiple industries in many different economies, this increases market power, overcomes entry barriers to new markets or regions, avoids the cost of developing new products and increases the speed of new market entries, it reduces the risk of entering a new business. It will also help them diversify and reshape their competitive scope. According to Michael, Duane and Robert (2008), it is very significant for a business to employ enterprise systems to enable it value creation. In summary form, what ought to be done in order to enable a company to carry out the process of globalization successfully: First if globalization should be an option for the company to take. The leadership should then have the destination of the company in mind. It is recommended that with the globalization process, the reaching out of foreign countries should be carried out on a one by one basis. Another step to be undertaken is to research on the targeted market so as to come up with a proper marketing which best suits the area in question. Others which ought to be taken into consideration include visiting the market, writing a plan, forming strong allianceand making consultation from experts. A point to strongly put across is that when a company is being globalized it ought to be culturally very sensitive to the new region where anticipates to make its functions (Kuglin and Hook 2002). Buy custom Ameribus International essay

Asymmetric Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asymmetric Synthesis - Essay Example Hence, it is undeniably interesting to study the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of cinchona alkaloids , which have also been helpful in man's daily living. This includes its role in the production of food flavorings and medicines for different ailments like malaria. Additionally, the popularity of cinchona alkaloids over the years is also because of its qualifications in the three primary criteria of catalysts, which are as follows: 1) the diversity of reactions that the catalyst can trigger; 2) the accessibility of both enantiomeric antipodes of the catalyst at an affordable cost; and 3) the stability of the catalyst. The research aims to study the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the popular two pairs of cinchona alkaloids which are enantiomeric in nature: cinchonine and cinchonidine, and; quinine and quinidine. The researcher aims to study the two pairs by isolating them through extraction of the bark of the cinchona tree; a native of tropical regions. Due to their widespread use, all four members are readily available in large quantities from most chemical suppliers. Furthermore, before conducting several experiments for the research, the researcher will gather enough materials documenting the history of cinchona alkaloids. ... erature section of the research, which will include information about cinchona alkaloids from one of the earliest uses of cinchona alkaloids in asymmetric catalysis which was demonstrated by Pracejus in the 1960's to catalyze the asymmetric alcoholysis of ketenes (Pracejus, 1964) to its modern uses. Moreover, the study's related literature will consist of theories proposed about the asymmetric synthesis of cinchona alkaloids by chemists of different ages. One interesting theory which will contribute to the study of the alkaloid's catalytic asymmetric synthesis is that the alcohol is activated via a hydrogen bond with the tertiary amine of benzoylquinine. Addition of the alcohol to the ketene is followed by quenching of the resultant enolate by the chiral ammonium salt. The resultant esters are isolated in up to 76% enantiomeric excess. The research will strive to replicate the experiments conducted to support this theory. Also, with the proliferation of recent publications studying cinchona-ketene systems for asymmetric synthesis (Blake, 2001), the study will investigate different assumptions about the asymmetry in the synthesis of cinchona alkaloids. One of the most noticeable of these recent publications which the researcher intends to focus is Lectka's -halogenation of acid chlorides (Wack, 2001). Lectka stated that the benzoylquinine-ketene system reacts with quinone based electrophilic halogenating reagents to yield activated -halogenated esters with enantioselectivities as high as 99%, and with good yields. The study will try to prove this through catalytic asymmetric fluorination, where cinchona derivatives have already been used, though only stoichiometrically (Muiz, 2001). However, despite the efforts to base certain experiments upon previous studies, the

Corporatocracy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporatocracy - Personal Statement Example The wealthy elite have the capacity to bribe government officials because of their financial clout; thus, they are able to rule the society. This to me is a system that does not benefit the currently struggling American family. As a Pakistani national who belongs to one of the influential political families in the country, being politically victimized in the late 1990s by the government provided the impetus for one’s decision to delve into the Foreign Service career. One decided to live in New York for the past two years to pursue higher education. I have witnessed western politics during this span of time and had the opportunity to compare Western politics and the ruling corporatocracy. The greed and tyranny of corporatocracy pushes the economy further down because it only benefits corporate executives and politicians. Their very existence is driven by selfish interests and therefore failed to consider social responsibility and utilitarianism. If corporations are not able to achieve the profit that they want because of legal impediments, their preferred option is to give unlimited campaign donations to politicians who can push for legislations that will benefit their companies. Hopefully, a career in Foreign Service will be my stepping stone towards the achievement of both personal and professional goals of trying to educate and convince people in corporations and governments, as well as the general public, that corporatocracy is not the answer to the economic and financial woes of the

Reflection papers#4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection papers#4 - Essay Example The punishment to fire that huge amount of people involved in corruption or those likely to be involved is acceptable. Even though the number of people sacked due to the corruption charges was extremely large, it is wise to eliminate them than try to change them (Watson, 2015). This is because; corruption does a lot of damage to the company than any other misconduct. First of all, corruption taints the image and reputation of a company and in fact for such an international company this is shameful and irreparable. Secondly, corruption threatens the very future of a company since money is used for personal things while the company’s needs are neglected. This leads to bad work environment, reduction of employee’s salaries and more. Thirdly, corruption leads to low quality standards of goods produced by a company which is corrupt. This is because they will take bribes and offer contracts to undeserving people furthermore, the work ethics will be poor since the workforce wi ll be full of incompetent people who bribed their way in to the company. Lastly, corruption will means that employees suffer at the hands of their fellow co workers and people with power since any charges will just be bribed and brushed off without fair and just consideration. This will also make many people be fired unjustly if the bosses feel like it. If I were the new chief ethics officer I would have handled the situation nearly the same way. However, I would have not fired everybody who was alleged to be in the corruption game. I would have used tact to find out the real ring leaders and not blame everybody in the departments. Even though bribery was legal in German until 1999, the corruption at Siemens was not justified (Watson, 2015). A leading international company like Siemens had a reputation to keep even when the vice was legal. A company can sign code and conduct contracts with employees upon employment where they are asked if

Types of Tissue and Muscle

Types of Tissue and Muscle Muscle Muscle is one of the four fundamental types of tissue present in animals. It is a soft tissue primarily responsible to produce movement of a body part. Its cells convert the chemical energy of ATP into the mechanical energy of motion and exert a useful pull on another tissue. More specifically, muscle contraction serves the following overlapping functions: movement and contractile move of body contents in the course of respiration, circulation, digestion, defecation, urination, and childbirth. Stability by resisting the pull of gravity. Communication. As well as the control of body openings and passages. And finally, producing around 85% of our body heat, which is vital for the metabolism (Carey Carpenter, 2007). Classification There are three histological types of muscle—cardiac, smooth and skeletal—which differ in appearance, physiology, and function. The cardiac muscle is essentially limited to the heart, though it extends slightly into the nearby blood vessels. It is involuntary and striated because of the regular arrangement of their actin and myosin filaments. Its cells are much shorter, so they are commonly called myocytes, and are mononuclated (Saladin, 2003). The myocytes assemble branches of adjoining cells and form a network by attaching to each other in attachment points called intercalated discs that provide strong mechanical adhesions between adjacent cells. Smooth muscle lacks striations and is involuntary. Smooth muscle cells are usually long and spindle-shaped, and each fusiform cell has a single and centered nucleus (Purves et al., 2004). Small amounts of smooth muscle are found in the iris of the eye and in the skin, but most of it, called visceral muscle, forms layers in the walls of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts, blood vessels, the uterus, and other viscersa (Alberts et al., 2008). The skeletal muscle type is of special interest of this thesis and will be further studied in the following sections. Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscles are, as the name implies, are bound to the skeleton by means of tendons, which means that they are volitional. It is composed of both muscular tissue and connective. A skeletal muscle cell (muscle fiber) is about 10 to 100m in diameter and 30 cm long. It is surrounded by a sparse layer of areolar connective tissue called the endomysium, which allows room for blood capillaries and nerve fibers to reach each muscle fiber. Muscle fibers are grouped in bundles called fascicles, which are visible to the naked eye as parallel strands. Each fascicle is separated from neighboring ones by a connective tissue sheath called the perimysium, usually somewhat thicker than the endomysium. The muscle as a whole is surrounded by still another connective tissue layer, the epimysium. The epimysium grades imperceptibly into connective tissue sheets called fasciae, deep fasciae between adjacent muscles and a superficial fascia (hypodermis) between the muscles and skin. It is described as striated and voluntary (Saladin, 2003). Structure The skeletal muscle tissue consists of long and cylindrical cells called muscle fibers, which are actually huge single cells that form during development by the fusion of many separate cells, called myoblasts. Each cell contains multiple nuclei adjacent to the plasma membrane, and they are about 10 to 100m in diameter and 30 cm long. The bulk of the cytoplasm inside is made up of myofibrils, which is the name given to the basic contractile elements of the muscle cell. Within each myofibril are thin actin filaments and thick specific muscle isoforms of myosin II filaments (Alberts et al., 2008). Myosin filaments are bundles of molecules with globular heads and polypeptide tails. Actin filaments consist of two chains of actin monomers twisted together. They are wrapped by chains of the polypeptide tropomyosin and studded at intervals with another protein, troponin. In most regions of the myofibril, each thick myosin filament is surrounded by six thin actin filaments, and conversely, each thin actin filament sits within a triangle of three thick myosin filaments. The myofibril consists of repeating units, called sarcomeres, which are the units of contraction, built up of approximately 2.2 microns in length. Each sarcomere is made of overlapping filaments of actin and myosin, which create a distinct band pattern. As the muscle contracts, the sarcomeres shorten, and the appearance of the band pattern changes. Each sarcomere is bounded by Z-lines, which are structures that anchor the thin actin filaments. Centered in the sarcomere is the A-band, which contains all the myosin filaments. The H-zone and the I-band, are regions where actin and myosin filaments do not overlap in the relaxed muscle. The dark stripe within the H-zone is called the M-band; it contains proteins that help hold the myosin filaments in their regular arrangement. The bundles of myosin filaments are held in a centered position within the sarcomere by a protein called titin. Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle also contain sarcomeres, although the organization is not as regular as that in skeletal muscle (Alberts et al., 2008; Purves et al., 2004.). The plasma membrane, called the sarcolemma has tunnel-like infoldings called transverse (T) tubules that penetrate through the fiber and emerge on the other side. The function of a T tubule is to carry an electrical current from the surface of the cell to the interior when the cell is stimulated. Most other organelles of the cell, such as mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are located between adjacent myofibrils. The sarcoplasm also contains an abundance of glycogen, which provides stored energy for the muscle to use during exercise, and a red pigment called myoglobin, which binds oxygen until it is needed for muscular activity. The smooth ER of a muscle fiber is called sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). It forms a network around each myofibril, and alongside the T tubules it exhibits dilated sacs called terminal cisternae. The SR is a reservoir for calcium ions; it has gated channels in its membrane that can release a flood of calcium into the cytosol, where the calcium a ctivates the muscle contraction process (Saladin, 2003). Muscle contraction For contraction to occur, an action potentials spreads from the end plate and when it reaches the T tubules, it continues down them into the sarcoplasm. Action potentials open voltage-regulated ion gates in the T tubules. These are physically linked to calcium channels in the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), so gates in the SR open as well and calcium ions diffuse out of the SR, down their concentration gradient and into the cytosol. The calcium ions bind to the troponin of the thin filaments. The troponin-tropomyosin complex changes shape and shifts to a new position. This exposes the active sites on the actin filaments and makes them available for binding to myosin heads; the myosin heads must have an ATP molecule bound to it to initiate the contraction process. Myosin ATPase, an enzyme in the head, hydrolyzes this ATP. The energy released by this process activates the head, which â€Å"cocks† into an extended, high-energy position. The head temporarily keeps the ADP and phosphate group bound to it. The cocked myosin binds to an active site on the thin filament. Myosin releases the ADP and phosphate and flexes into a bent, low-energy position, tugging the thin filament along with it. This is called the power stroke. The head remains bound to actin until it binds a new ATP. Upon binding more ATP, myosin releases the actin. It is now prepared to repeat the whole process—it will hydrolyze the ATP, recock (the recovery stroke), attach to a new active site farther down the  thin filament, and produce another power stroke (Saladin, 2003). Classes of muscle fibers Not all muscle fibers are metabolically alike or adapted to perform the same task. Some respond slowly but are relatively resistant to fatigue, while others respond more quickly but also fatigue quickly. Indeed, skeletal muscles can be divided into fast and slow twitch fibers and its myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression. Type I (MHC-I): Also called slow oxidative (SO) or slow-twitch. These fibers have relatively abundant mitochondria, myoglobin, and blood capillaries, and therefore a relatively deep red color. They are well adapted to aerobic respiration, which does not generate lactic acid. Thus, these fibers do not fatigue easily. However, in response to a single stimulus, they exhibit a relatively long twitch, lasting about 100 milliseconds (msec). Type II (MHC-II): Also called fast glycolytic (FG) or fast-twitch. They are well adapted for quick responses but not for fatigue resistance. They are rich in enzymes of the phosphagen and glycogen–lactic acid systems. Their sarcoplasmic reticulum releases and reabsorbs Ca2 quickly, which partially accounts for their quick, forceful contractions. They are relatively pale (white fibers). These fibers produce twitches as short as 7.5 msec, but because of the lactic acid they generate, they fatigue more easily than SO fibers. Some authorities recognize two subtypes of FG fibers called types MHC-IIA and MHC-IIB. Type IIB is the common type just described, while IIA, or intermediate fibers, combine fast-twitch responses with aerobic fatigue-resistant metabolism. Type IIA fibers, however, are relatively rare except in some endurance-trained athletes (Saladin, 2003). Notably, human skeletal muscle does not contain MHCIIb (Spangenburg and Booth, 2003; Schiaffino and Reggiani, 1994; Smerdu et al., 1994). In addition, ‘‘hybrid’’ fibers containing two MHC isoforms (i.e., type I/IIA, IIAX, IIXB) can also be present in muscle (Schiaffino and Reggiani, 1994; Staron and Pette, 1993). The fiber types can be differentiated histologically by using stains for certain mitochondrial enzymes and other cellular components, like using immunohistochemical procedures with antibodies against the specific MHC isoforms (Schiaffino et al., 1989; Lucas et al., 2000). All muscle fibers of one motor unit belong to the same physiological type. Nearly all muscles are composed of both SO and FG fibers, but the proportions of these fiber types differ from one muscle to another. Muscle myogenesis Vertebrate skeletal myogenesis proceeds through three stages: determination of the muscle progenitor cells, called myoblasts; proliferation and in some cases migration of myoblasts; and their terminal differentiation into mature muscle by fusing to form multinucleated myotubes (Buckingham et al., 2003; Shi and Garry, 2006). Muscle development Muscle tissuesare derived from themesodermallayer of embryonicgerm cellsin a process known asmyogenesis. All muscles are derived fromparaxial mesoderm [8].The paraxial mesoderm is divided along the embryos length intosomites, corresponding to thesegmentationof the body.Muscle cells come from two cell lineages in the myotome somite, the epimere and hypomere, which formepaxialandhypaxialmuscles, respectively. Most muscles are hypaxial. During development,myoblasts either remain in the somite to form muscles associated with the vertebral column or migrate out into the body to form all other muscles. Myoblast migration is preceded by the formation ofconnective tissueframeworks, usually formed from the somaticlateral plate mesoderm.Myoblasts follow chemical signals to the appropriate locations, where they fuse into elongate skeletal muscle cells (Sweeney, 1997). Muscle differentiation Muscle fibersform from the fusion ofmyoblastsinto multi-nucleated fibers calledmyotubes. In the early development of an embryothese myoblasts will proliferate if enoughfibroblast growth factor(FGF) is present, without differentiating. When these factors are depleted, the myoblasts cease division and secretefibronectinonto theirextracellular matrix and bind to it through _5ÃŽ ²1 integrin, their major fibronectin receptor (Menko and Boettiger 1987; Boettiger et al. 1995). The second stage involves the alignment of the myoblasts together into chains and subsequently into myotubes. This step is mediated by cell membrane glycoproteins, including several cadherins and CAMs (Knudsen 1985: Knudsen et al. 1990). Recognition and alignment between cells takes place only if the two cells are myoblasts. However, identity of the species is not critical (Yaffe and Feldman, 1965). The third stage is the actual cell fusion itself. In this stage,calciumions are critical for development (Shainberg et al. 1969; David et al. 1981). Fusion is mediated by a set of metalloproteinasescalledmeltrins (e.g., c-Met).Myocyte enhancer factors(MEFs) promote myogenesis.Serum response factor(SRF) plays a central role during myogenesis, being required for the expression of striated alpha-actin genes (Wei et al., 1998).Expression of skeletalalpha-actinis also regulated by theandrogen receptor; steroids can thereby regulate myogenesis (Vlahopoulos et al., 2005). The specific extracellular signals that induce determination of each group of myoblasts are expressed only transiently. These signals trigger production of intracellular factors that maintain the myogenic program after the inducing signals are gone. We discuss the identification and functions of these myogenic proteins, and their interactions, in the next several sections. Muscle-specific transcription factors Pax family Satellite cells and proliferating myoblasts is characterized by the expression of Pax-genes, more specifically Pax7 and Pax3, which are transcription factors that regulate proliferation. Back to the developmental stage, in the lateral portion of the somite, which forms the hypaxial muscles, factors from the surrounding environment induce the Pax3 transcription factor. In the absence of other inhibitory transcription, Pax3 then activates the genes encoding two muscle-specific transcription factors, Myf5 and MyoD. In the medial region of the somite, which forms the epaxial muscles, MyoD is induced through a slightly different pathway[1]. Pax7 residing satellite cells proliferating stage and Pax7 knockout mice completely lack satellite cells (Seale et al., 2000). Cells expressing Pax7 is believed to be important for the regeneration of myoblasts. Also the expression of Pax3 has negative effect on the differentiation and it has been shown that this transcription factor is down-regulated in muscle by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation before differentiation can proceed (Boutet et al., 2007). Pax genes have been shown to regulate the proliferation and survival even of certain cancers such as melanoma (Muratovska et al., 2003). Pax transcription factors are downregulated upon further differentiation and other proteins predominate. Meanwhile Pax3 _____, Pax7 appears only in muscle stem cells (___). MyoD family Muscle cells come from two cell lineages in the somite. In both instances, paracrine factors instruct the myotome cells to become muscles by inducing them to synthesize the MyoD proteins (Maroto et al. 1997; Tajbakhsh et al. 1997). Or also called the myogenic bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) proteins. The proteins of this family all bind to similar sites on the DNA and activate muscle-specific genes (e.g. the muscle-specific creatine phosphokinase gene by binding to the DNA immediately upstream from it, or the chicken muscle acetylcholine receptor) (Lassar et al. 1989; Piette et al. 1990). MyoD and Myf5 belong to this family and are particularly important for muscle differentiation [2]. Their important role during differentiation is supported by the MyoD-/-/Myf-5-/- mice lacking fully developed skeletal muscle (Rudnicki et al., 1993). Myf-5 promotes myoblasts’ proliferation and is required for the cells to initiate differentiation (Ustanina et al., 2007). Absence of MyoD inhibits differentiation in cell culture and the protein is therefore considered to be a positive regulator of the process (Sabourin et al., 1999). While Pax3 is found in several other cell types, the myogenic bHLH proteins are specific for muscle cells. Any cell making a myogenic bHLH transcription factor such as MyoD or Myf5 is committed to becoming a muscle cell. Myogenic regulatory factors (proper name?) Later than the MyoD proteins expression during differentiation, the myogenin and the myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) are present. Mice with deleted myogenin in developing myoblasts can start the differentiation process but they cannot move and die soon after birth (Hasty et al., 1993). Among other things, this suggests that myogenin is required at a later stage of the process. Similarly, MRF4 is important for the growth of muscle tissue (Rhodes and Konieczny, 1989). It is noted that the MEF2 family of transcription factors also regulate differentiation (Olson et al., 1995), but their functions are not described in this context. In summary, Pax transcription factors help to sustain it from the stem cell stage of satellite cells, MyoD and Myf-5 act as myogenic determinants in the myoblast’s diet, and myogenin and MRF4 are known as regulators of the later differentiation and muscle fiber formation (Pallari, 2011). Other factors Although some factors that induce differentiation remain unknown, some growth factors and signaling molecules have been shown to regulate the process. Notch signaling is important in animal embryonic development, in that it participates in the cell fate determination (Alberts et al., 2008). Notch has a dual role of myoblasts in that the protein has an inhibitory effect on myoblasts differentiation (Shawber et al., 1996) and simultaneously stimulates their proliferation (Conboy and Rando, 2002). The chemoattractant SDF-1 also has an inhibitory effect on myoblasts differentiation and stimulates their proliferation by activation of the PKCÃŽ ¶ (Ãâ€"demiÃ…Å ¸ et al., 2007). Moreover, differentiation requires the expression and activity of cyclindependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors, such as p21 and p27, critical for the withdrawal of myoblasts from the cell cycle (Kitzmann and Fernandez, 2001). To fully understand the factors that regulate, activate and inhibit satellite cells and their differentiation requires even much research (Kuang and Rudnicki, 2007; Shi and Garry, 2006.). [1] developmental biology Scott gilbert [2] developmental biology Scott gilbert

North Korea Surprise Attack :: essays research papers

In 1949, Congress dragged its feet in considering a $150 million dollar aid bill to South Korea. Syngman Rhee had so often talked about invading North Korea that US leaders feared giving him too much in the way of weapons. For this reason, South Korea was sent only rifles, bazookas, and light artillery; tanks an airplanes were held back. Also by 1949, most of the US military had moved out. Only 500 advisors, known as KMAG (the Korean Military Advisory Group) remained in South Korea, under the command of Brigadier-General William L. Roberts. In January of 1950, the House defeated the Korean Aid Bill by a single vote; Korea was scheduled no to get American Aid for the following year, 1950. On June 25, 1950 the North Korean army attacked South Korea, crossing the 38th Parallel. Pentagon officials were stunned, and had no immediate contingency plan ready. Some said little could be done, while others suggested it was the beginning of Stalin's plot to take over the world. Truman and his circle of advisers sat firmly in this latter group. Immediately upon the invasion, these advisors discussed the prospect of sending General Douglas MacArthur, the US commander in the Far East, to lead a military response. The North Korean invaders hoped to take Seoul, the South Korean capital, as quickly as possible. The majority of ROK forces were routed by North Korean troops. Only one ROK division, the 6th, held its ground. John Muccio, the American ambassador to South Korea, quickly reported back to Washington that a "probable" full-scale attack was under way. Meanwhile, Syngman Rhee reacted to news of the invasion by ordering the imprisonment of more South Koreans. The UN was particularly upset about the North Korean invasion, because it had overseen the elections held in 1948, and did not want to see a war undo that election.

O Henry’s Furnished Room Essay

The short story is about a young man searching for his love in a furnished room. He meets the owner of the furnished room that his love has rented recently. In the latter part of the story, the young man commits suicide in the same room where his love committed suicide, too. Moreover, the landlady tells to a friend that she knows the girl that the young man is looking for but she does not tell him because she is greatly taking care of her reputation and her business. She wants no one to know that someone committed suicide on her room because it won’t attract lodgers. INTRODUCTION This paper aims to analyze some stylistic features of O.Henry’s short story â€Å"the Furnished Room†, in order to make further analysis of O.Henry’s particular writing style and its specific effect. The short story was written not just to appraise the young man’s true love to his beloved but to reveal the truth that the capital society makes people cold-hearted. People in that society tends to be indifferent and cruel. They are the ones who LITERALLY mind their own businesses. STYLISTIC ANALYSIS 1. Lexical features and the according effects Adjectives Most of the vocabularies in the story are simple and easy to understand. But it’s obvious that the author also employs many complicated and abstract words, especially the adjectives, in order to create the complex atmosphere in the story. For example, when the author describes the room which the young man rents , large amount of adjectives like â€Å"faint ,sunless, viscid, unholy, rank, foul and tainted, haggard, perfunctory, sophistical, ragged, gilt, gay-papered, desolate, musty, dank, cold†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are used. They can bring visual imaginary and aid the description of the room and the things in it. Actually many of these adjectives are not common words and it’s a little difficult for the reader to understand them. The propose of using these vocabulary may be the author’s intention to let the reader to have a authentic feel of that room and the whole society. Complex word may help produce this kind o f feeling. Noun Phrases One main character of the story is Mrs. Purdy, the landlady. The author tries to describe her in details using some specific noun phrases, such as â€Å"an unwholesome, surfeited worm; her throat seemed lined with fur; furry throat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Through that way more information of the landlady is added and a vivid figure of a disgusting woman was shown. This ugly appearance of the landlady can really provide a background of her hardheartedness mentioned later. 2. Syntactic features and the according effects This article contains various types of sentences, both simple and complex structure. The author uses not only declarative, but also â€Å"inverted sentences, subjunctive mood, indirect speech†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , aiming to achieve particular effect, such as to emphasize someone or something. Take the specific followings for example: (1) â€Å" Restless, shifting, fugacious as time itself, is a certain vast bulk of the population of the redbrick district of the lower West Side.† The â€Å"first is most important† principle is employed here. At the beginning of the passage, the author uses syntactic inversion to emphasize the unstable atmosphere of the district, aiming to present the background of the whole story at the first sentence. (2) â€Å"†¦ it would be strange if there could not be found a ghost or two in the wake of all these vagrant ghosts.† The subjunctive mood here shows the author’ attitude towards the real world and emphasizes the cruel reality of the society. (3) â€Å"To the door of this, the twelfth house whose bell he had rung, came a housekeeper who made him think of an unwholesome, surfeited worm that had eaten its nut to a hollow shell and now sought to fill the vacancy with edible lodgers. This sentence is rather long and complex, including one inverted sentence and three attributive clauses. The complexity is helpful for the description as it gives and withholds information. The step-by-step revelation can make the sentence coherent and close linked. The reader can be deeply impressed of the situation it describes. (4) â€Å"They comes and goes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ; â€Å"we has our living to be making†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (the landlady) The short form and grammatical mistake of these sentences prove that the landlady is not actually well-educated and her utterances can reveal her real character to the readers. 3. Phonological features and the according effects In the view of phonology, the story has a specific feature produced by the character of Mrs. McCool, the landlady’s friend. She speaks with non-standard English and sounds strange. (1) â€Å"Now, did ye, Mrs. Purdy, ma’am?† said Mrs. McCool, with intense admiration. â€Å"You do be a wonder forrentin’ rooms of that kind. And did ye tell him, then?† (2) â€Å"Yis, ma’am; ’tis true. ‘Tis just one wake ago this day I helped ye lay out the third floor, back. A pretty slip of a colleen she was to be killin’ herself wid the gas Compared with Mrs. Purdy, Mrs. McCool speaks with non-standard English which is full of grammatical mistakes. The underlined words show some features of â€Å"Black English Vernacular. It implies that maybe she is poor-educated and simple-minded. Her social status can aid with making up the background of the story. 4. Semantic features/figures of speech and the according effects The use of characteristic figures of speech in this article is frequent and effective. Obviously the rhetorical devices here can make the description more realistic and impressing. Take some examples from the story for support. (1) â€Å"their vine is entwined about a picture hat; a rubber plant is their fig tree.† Traditionally â€Å"vine† and â€Å"fig tree† are often planted in house yard and here they stand for stable and happy family life. The author uses metaphor to show peoples’ eager for happy family life, which is not restless any more. (2) â€Å"†¦a housekeeper who made him think of an unwholesome, surfeited worm that had eaten its nut to a hollow shell and now sought to fill the vacancy with edible lodgers.† The author describes the landlady as a â€Å"worm† in order to dram a vivid picture of a greedy woman who always hungers for profit. The employment of animizing produces special effect which may make the reader smile and i mpressed. (3) â€Å"It seemed to have become vegetable; to have degenerated in that rank, sunless air to lush Lichen or spreading moss The carpet in the room are said to become â€Å"vegetable, lichen and moss†, which are disgusting things. What the atmosphere of the room is like can be clearly shown through that metaphor. (4) â€Å"†¦ but it was like a monstrous quicksand, shifting its particles constantly, with no foundation, its upper granules of to-day buried to-morrow in ooze and slime.† The simile here is quite obvious which compare the city as â€Å"quicksand†. It draws a real picture of the cruel city and society which is a heaven and also a hell. The reader may understand why the hero of the story feels desperate and commits suicide hopelessly. CONCLUSION Through the analysis of the stylistic features of O. Henry’s short story â€Å"the Furnished Room†, it can help the reader more understand the writing style of the author. The author uses specific adjectives and phrase to emphasize his description; employs some complex sentences to achieve particular effect; employs some rhetorical devices, such as figures of speech, to make his story more, picturesque; also use the special way of â€Å"surprise ending† to produces the irony and surprising effect at the end of the story.

the boisphere essays

the boisphere essays The biosphere is part of the earth in which life exists. It is 20 km thick from the bottom of the ocean to the lower atmosphere. It consists of three layers: the lithosphere, which is the land on the surface of the earth; the hydrosphere, which comprises of the water on the earth as well as water vapor in the air; and the atmosphere, which is made up of the air that surrounds the earth. The living organisms in the biosphere interact and affect each other in many ways. This is called a biotic factor. Similarly, there are nons of abiotic factors are air, temperature, water, soil, light, and minerals. In a biosphere, organisms live in special groupings. For instance, a population consists of all individuals of a species living in a general area. A community is a population located in a certain area living among different species. An ecosystem is yet a larger conglomeration of a population, a community, and abiotic factors. Ecosystems can be aquatic or terrestrial. The earth's aquatic ecosystem makes up about 75% of the earth's surface. This aquatic environment is divided into marine and freshwater environments. The earth's terrestrial ecosystem is mainly made up of forests and deserts, which make up for 25% of the earth's surface. The role or function of an organism in a community is that organism's niche. An organism's niche is an area picked by that organism based on physical factors such as temperature, light, oxygen and carbon dioxide content and biological factors such as food, competition for resources and predators. This niche provides the organism a place to live in. A habitat remains consistent with an organism's niche as well as provides the organism with a place to reproduce. In this case, organisms may have the same habitat, but different niches. ...

Macbeths Change of Character Throughout the Play

Macbeths Change of Character Throughout the Play Free Online Research Papers Throughout the play, Macbeth changes from a noble man to a merciless tyrant thirsting for power, due to the influences of those around him. From the overt sway of the Three Witches supernatural precognition of the future, to the subtle persuation of Lady Macbeth, his honorable disposition is slowly corrupted to that of a barbarous dictator, keen only on maintaining and progressing his power. By the second half of the play, his paranoia is so deeply ingrained that he seeks to distance himself from anyone who could threaten his reign even those he once held in high regard. At the beginning of the play (Act I Scene II), the Sergeant, fresh from the frontlines of battle with the Norweyans, is explaining the situation of the war to Duncan. He recreates a fanciful depiction of the onslaught, describing the unsurpassed exploits of Macbeth, who tore his way through battle, only to finish it by slaughtering the rebel Macdonwald, and decorating the armaments of his troops with his head. For Brave Macbeth well he deserves that name -, the Sergeant says, describing Macbeth as a brave soldier, well deserving of his title. Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution, he continues, portraying Macbeth with his sword, felling all those who stand defiantly before him. Like valours minion he carved out his passage til he faced the slave; Which never shook hands nor bade farewell to him, Till he unseamed him from the nave to the chaps, and fixed his head upon our battlement. The Sergeant describes Macbeth as a valorous fighter, who bravely stands before the rebel Macdonwald, never bidding him hello or farewell, before he slices him from the navel to the abdomen, killing him. He then delivers the head to his troops, adorning his armaments with it, signifying the death of the opposing forces leader, and the victory of the battle. Towards the end of the play (Act V Scene V), Macbeth is within his castle, awaiting the arrival of the Macduffs army. While accompanied by Seyton, he hears the cry of women in his castle. During this scene, the distinct change in Macbeth is overt. When confronted by the cry, he says, I have almost forgot the taste of fears: The time has been, my senses would have cooled to hear a night shriek; and my fell of hair would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir as life were in it: I have suppd full with horrors; Direness, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts, cannot once start me. He is stating that at one point in his life, he would have been awaken and concerned at the sound of a womans cry, but because of the time hes spent ruling by the sword, slaughterous thoughts overtaking his sensitivity, it no longer stirs him. Immediately after, Macbeth turns to Seyton to ask where the cry came from. Seyton then delivers the unfortunate news that Macbeths wife, the Queen, is dead. Just in line with his previous comment, he replies, She should have died hereafter; There would have been a time for such a word. If there was grief in his heart, he did not show it, for his words were that of a cold hearted man, saying that if not now, his wife would have succumbed to the inevitability of death at a later point regardless. From the beginning of the play, the light hearted and valorous Macbeth, a victim of his influences and circumstances, slowly allows himself to be corrupted. By the end, his veins seem full of ice, not even the death of his wife moving him. This is in stark contrast to the Macbeth we see in the beginning of the play, one who could barely sit upon the thought of killing another. However, as time progresses, even the thought of his own demise does not shake him, and he bravely meets his death, now branded a usurper, at the hands of Macduff. Research Papers on Macbeth's Change of Character Throughout the PlayThe Spring and AutumnHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Bringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and CanadaOpen Architechture a white paper

America before columbus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America before columbus - Research Paper Example The period before the arrival of Christopher Columbus is known as pre-Columbian. Pre-Columbian is a term used to refer to the culture of the â€Å"New World†, as per Columbus description of America, in the era prior to European influence. The indigenous cultures before civilization continued to develop until Europeans challenged it though many centuries after 1492 when Columbus discovered the New World (Wulffson 52). This paper seeks to explore deeply on what America was like before arrival of Columbus. A lot of literature suggests that Columbus was not the first one to discover America as it is perceived and explained by Europeans. According to Mroueh (1) Muslims from Spain and West Africa were before him by about five centuries. They started their journey in the mid-tenth century during the reign of Umayed Caliph Abdul-Rahmna III only to return later from a strange land thought to be America (Mroueh 1). In addition, there are higher chances that Amerigo Vespucci, discovered America. Both of them set out at different times in their navigation ventures. Columbus had planned to go to Asia but without knowing, he headed to the West Indies. Throughout the journey, he believed he was headed for Asia but that was not the case. According to Wulffson (98), Columbus died still thinking that he was headed for Asia while Amerigo Vespucci was so certain that he had found a new land. America is therefore named after Amerigo Vespucci as the person who discovered it. Before Columbus arrived in America, America was sparsely populated due to the nomadic nature of the natives (Mann 465). They lived in highly stratified, complicated and perfectly organized societies. In his new book titled "1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus," Charles C. Mann compiled evidence of the sophistication of pre-Columbian America (Crabtree 1). According to him, the urban revolution took place way before the Europeans settled in America. As a result, there was the growth of ver y refined cities that have existed, grown and spread all through the American continent. As a result, the people practiced agriculture and domesticated crops and animals; this was done 5,000 years prior to arrival of Columbus. Funny enough, with the domestication of plants and animals, the health of the people was on a decline instead of improving. This was attributed to growth of the population as well as government policies that favored urbanization (Crabtree 1). However, there were still big portions of land that were highly underutilized before agriculture was introduced. When it was introduced, the populations exploded as many people sort to make use of the widely unused land. Diseases outbreaks were widespread in America that made the people to consider resettling into large, less complex and disorganized communities. This did not still solve the issue. The re-emergence of industrialization and urbanization led to trade and migration. Incidences of pollution increased from ind ustrial emissions and the population was faced by a challenge of housing due to explosive population numbers. As a result, infections were on the rise as most of the people congregated and squatted in cities, hence the disease outbreak experienced in the 1400s was the highest that has ever been recorded. The death rates increased and hence, the lives of the people became unbearable. All this was a product of pre-Columbian efforts to industrialize and urbanize America. The people suffered from degenerative joint disease, trauma,

The car that saved JLR Company Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The car that saved JLR Company - Coursework Example According to Hardy and Leiba-o’ Sullivan, power in the current business environment is more related to that embedded within systems and relationships. This embodiment of politics and power has been applied in the management of JLR. The acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover by Tata took almost a year after it was approved by unions and management of Ford, who was JLR’s previous owner. Tata put its stake in the ailing company, while every other automobile manufacturer retreated, thereby increasing faith among JLR’s unions and management as well as shifting power from unions to the owner. Similarly, this power was used by Tata while compromising on salary and working hours at the manufacturing facilities, in return for huge production investment and continuity of manufacturing plants. Often, maneuvering and political behavior within a firm are caused due to uncertainty such as inadequately defined decisions, change, internal competition and unclear objectives. JLR fa ced similar uncertainties while it was being acquired by Tata. However, in order to establish harmony among leaders and union members, upper management decided to give power to the unions, instead of managers. Employees and unions working with JLR were left to decide the brand, which will be finalized as the acquiring company. Hence, by establishing a smooth political climate and transforming negative politics into a positive one, Tata has successfully acquired JLR. The Emic model of power and diversity explains the importance of intersectionality.

Feasibility Study For a Hospital in Saudi Arabia Essay

Feasibility Study For a Hospital in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example 1.3 System Overview Responsible Organization Independent Research Foundation (IRF) is the responsible organization. IRF has conducted most of the surveys on their own as well as taken help from Government and Private Organization in establishing the feasibility. IRF is responsible for handling all the investment and making sure that all goes according to the plan. System Name Tabeeb Healthcare Facility System Code BJH-699-I2011 System Category ---- Major Application: General Health Care. The facility provides services of general nature but a Cancer Research facility will also be established. The hospital will be modeled after the famous Princeton Planes Borough Hospital (US). Diagnostics and Cancer research will be given special attention and investment. ---- General Support System: The Investors for this facility will mostly be from all over the world but the facility will provide services for all the locals. As there isn’t much insurance market strength in Saudi Arabia (comp aratively), there will not be much trouble in treating patients from all walks of life. Economic Analysis and Indicators Three economic indicators were used to analyze the investment for Tabeeb Health Care Facility; the Payback period of 2.5 years, NPV of US $20 million and ROI of 13%. The economic analysis shows that to raise capital for establishing the facility, IRF is in no position to raise the capital themselves. Therefore, the most likely sources of capital to all the above scenarios are grants and / or units owned by third parties, such as energy service companies (ie, through the contract or other similar contracts for energy services). As most of the foreign investment floods into Saudi Arabia in the form of oil sector development, our most likely sponsor will be any reputable oil company, preferably, Shell. Lifecycle costs of different scenarios were performed using the reputable software software (NRC 2005). Economic indicators to assess the economic viability were: a si mple payback period, NPV, and ROI. This type of analysis makes more sense as it will be simpler to present and more likely our sponsors will agree to our plan. Agencies typically grant funds by listing projects based on a simple payback period. For life cycle cost analysis, assumptions are made as follows: Projected Life 65 years Cost Inflation Rate 2.25% Discount Rate 7% Debt Term 15 years Interest Rate 4.7% Contingencies 4% (of capital costs) Cost (Energy) Savings 55%-98% 2.0 Market Analysis Recent Studies have shown an upward trend in the demand for health care facilities among the people of Kingdom. Population is increasing at a rapid pace but the health care facilities aren’t matching the population growth rate. Other than the fact that growth rate of health care facilities is not impressive in Saudi Arabia indicating that there will be an increase in the demand for doctors and nurses, everyone needs to see a doctor. Medical and health care facilities have an inelastic d emand. Investments in pharmaceuticals and medical facilities are often always considered an option that people go for. Tabeeb Health Care Facility will be built in the heart of the capital Riyadh. The patient statistics (as they are discussed below) were relatively easy to collect and we have a very good reason to believe that the data is as

Questions In E-Commerce Essay Example for Free

Questions In E-Commerce Essay Question 6 Resources are the financial, physical, human, technological, and organizational assets of a company. A distinctive competency is unique to a company and allows it to earn a profit rate that is above the industry average.   Distinctive competencies are the products and services that directly fulfill the organizations goals, and is what the company does uniquely well.   Therefore, resources used to create distinctive competencies are the fundamental building blocks of the company’s success.   A resource must be in demand, or scarce, or difficult and costly to imitate, or have no substitute to add to a company’s competitive advantage.    In addition, it is only those resources which directly contribute to the core competencies of a company that add to its competitive advantage. Question 7 The internet can both increase the difficulty of imitation for a company, and it can also make it easier for other companies to copy.   Some companies use the internet as a core resource.   An example is EBay, which would not exist if it were not for the internet. However, the fact that EBay functions via the internet remains one of its core resources.   It has proven incredibly difficult for competitors to imitate to provide the level of service and marketplace which EBay enjoys.   Of course, EBay is continuously improving upon this core resource.   On the other hand, the internet creates a basic platform for selling.   One of the impacts of the Internet on companies using barriers of imitation as a competitive advantage is that they must be constantly improving and developing their products and services.   The internet allows consumers to browse many companies offering the same services.   If a company is able to do something better, or offer a superior product, they must be able to show this over the internet.     A small fashion designer selling their products over the internet runs a great risk of being copied quickly.   This may provide greater incentive for the designer to be continuously creating new designs and styles. Question 8 The resource based view and market views of competitive advantage are complementary.   They can both be used by the same company to determine what its key competitive advantages are, and also help a company explore what new competitive advantages they may want to develop.   The resource based view looks at what the company has.   Its physical assets as well as it process assets.  Ã‚   What the company does uniquely well.  Ã‚   The market view of competitive advantage looks at the marketplace first.   It identifies the way the company markets itself or the consumer need it fulfills. When looking at a company from the market view, the question asked is â€Å"How is this company unique in the marketplace.†Ã‚   A company can benefit from taking both a resource-based view and a market view of competitive advantage.   A company can analyze its internal resources and identify the resources that are key to its success and fulfillment of the organizational goals.   When it performs this analysis, it knows which attributes it must keep in order to stay competitive.   It is able to identify its internal core competencies.   On the other hand, the company can analyze the marketplace.   It can identify its role ion the market.   Is it satisfying its customers?   In what ways?   What are the core strengths of the company in the market?    These are the core competencies of the organization on the marketplace.   The company may choose to develop these further, if greater competitive advantage would be gained, or perhaps focus on developing a new market capability if the external environment is shifting.  Ã‚   When the company then takes its external and internal analysis and put them together, a better picture of the company’s true core competencies is displayed.   The company can then see where it may need to make adjustments or where resources or markets should be developed to take advantage of strengths. Question 9 There are basically two ways the Internet can add to a company’s cost advantage.   One, it can reduce the operating costs for a company.   Two, if a company has a cost advantage, they can increase the volume of their sales.   First, selling goods via the internet allows a company to keep a virtual location.   In this scenario, the company may not need to keep its own inventory or staff.   The company could order products from its vendors as ordered by customers and not keep any inventory at all.   There are no physical displays that need maintenance, nor are there any salespeople on the floor who need to be paid.   This is a strategy pursued by Amazon.   They do not have any brick-and-mortar stores to maintain, so they have no displays to maintain, and no salespeople to pay.    The overhead for maintaining the website is less than the overhead for maintaining the shop.   This gives Amazon a competitive cost advantage over Borders.   Also, when consumers are shopping via the Internet they are able to compare prices over multiple suppliers very easily.   Search tools like MySimon and others search the internet for the product the user enters and returns the prices from various online stores.   In this way, the internet can increase the volume of shoppers buying from a particular company.   If the shopper is only concerned with price, they will often choose the company that has the lowest cost.   Therefore, if the company is able to provide the lowest price, they can gain a competitive advantage via the internet by increasing their customer base. Question 10 Effective differentiation is achieved by a company when they really stand out in the consumer’s mind as something different.   They have developed a unique attribute to a point where customers buy from them based on their unique image.   Two ways the internet can help a company achieve effective differentiation is through exploitation of niche markets and providing services and products in a real-time environment.   On the internet, the market for any one website is much larger than what a store can typically reach. In this way, the company has access to many more markets by using the internet than they would otherwise.   This allows for the flourishing of niche market products and services – or highly effective and differentiated services. An example of a niche product on the internet market is a flea collar for dogs that is safe for the whole family! It has a small chamber into which it draws fleas via scent. The fleas cannot escape from this chamber and die.   The price is high, but the market is environmentally sensitive dog owners. Via the internet, sufficient promotion can be done to make production of this item profitable.   It could be much more difficult to market this product via stores.   Another way the internet can be used to differentiate a company in the marketplace is in the speed and responsiveness of the company to the real world.   The best example that comes to mind is the news.   News companies on-line can present stories to consumers much more quickly than in print. Customers are able to choose their source for news based on how real-time the news source is able to present the information.   Businesses must actually focus on differentiating itself from its customers to effectively compete in the internet marketplace.   There are so many providers of the same service or product, that a company must create and emphasize its difference to gain customers.   Some focus on ease of use, some on reliability, some on image, and others on customer service.   There are many ways to create differentiation, but the company must be aware that simply being on the internet does not automatically create a competitive advantage.

Usage and Benefit of a PEST analysis

Usage and Benefit of a PEST analysis PEST is general analysis as external macro environment that will affect to the firm and the company. In the analysis, the macro environment is identifying of the opportunities and threats will affect the outcomes and organizational plan and means and the situation due to the control of political, economic, social and technological forces. With regards to this, can say that is the proper term to these factors. However, changes in  the macroeconomic environment  can  create the new markets of chances and the articles are sometimes   to  construct  a more affirmative analysis of  the term PEST. Macro environment is that many country-specific needs and interests of the implementation for all the countries. In the following are the examples of the factors will considered in the PEST analysis. For examples, political factors, economic factors, social factors and technology factors. Usage and Benefit of PEST The decision making of organization in the management will affect by many factors in macro environment. Examples of macro environment change as employment law changes, economic recession, tax changes, government policy changes, international trade regulation, changes in exchange rates, changes in trade policy, income distribution and demographic changes as population, gender or composition. To analysis those factors as PEST model, as below: Political factor is due to the degree of intervention economy as government policy. Futhermore, also due to the government need to provide what kind of the good services or product to consumer and the subsidizing firms is belong to what level of it and the priorities which in the term of business support known as important role. Political factor can affect many business area such as dictates the legal regulation as government impact the business with the taxation policy such as the price of goods and services will be rises when there is no tax on that or the company profile will direct be taxable, the health of the international as government must pass and force the laws to regarding the label and packaging of the protection of consumer, the base installation of the economy as the rail system. For examples, in the San Francisco Coffee House, the company have an agreement known as Franchise Agreement. The Franchise Agreement is specified as form of Licence of Agreement. This agreement is the factor of protect the operation of San Francisco Coffee House and the rights parties of the company. Particularly, this agreement is expert skilled of obtained to franchising and the intellectual of property right. This agreement is identify the intellectual of the franchisors property and other proprietary is going to protect by this licence. This agreement is also focus on the relationship between the parties of each other in a positive way and a expert constructive manner to them. Beside that, this agreement will also emphasize the need and requirement of the operation San Francisco Coffee House. The benefits to have an agreement are due to failure to protect their own property or business format and the most important is their profits as well is could take an legal action of that. By the way, once have abundant protections of the agreement, the company can benefit from the licence of their intellectual property as well and it is more easier to protect their property when it is registered and the most important can prove their ownership. Economic factor is a major impact of a firms behaviour and organization of outcomes. This is regarding to economy recession, economic growth from overall of the market as the demand of the products rise when the higher national economic growth, monetary policy as interest rates as the higher interest rates it will cause more to borrow it will deeper the investment, foreign exchanges rates as the rises of foreign currency will impact the exporting goods more difficult, tax changes and inflation as it will make the wages demand of the employee higher and the cost of selling price rises too. Economic factor is due to the purchasing power of consumer. Such as the economic is known as the mood of consumer confidence as well, as the economy downturn the consumer do not have the confidence to purchase any goods or services, it will impact the market and the enterprise organization. During a recession, many firms are slow down to react to the falling demand levels will drop. Futhermore, a fi rm making similar product may utilize a price cutting policy. This will demand to a response to all the firm otherwise they may lose the market share. For examples, San Francisco Coffee House which in Croatian, in the market of Croatian, a great variety of international product and services is increasing. In the market San Francisco Coffee House, the salary grows up obviously, therefore the consumer of demand will increased for higher quality of the world brand names as well. This is due to the in Croatian is widely not available and the economic growth. In Croatian, the young consumer is target of international brand while the older people is still looking for domestic brands. As analysis, the purchasing habits also changeable geographically. The San Francisco Coffee House is most owned by foreign country as recent years those acquisitions occurred to San Francisco Coffee House. Although they would be entrepreneurs of the capitalization options while characteristic of domestic mark et in Croatian is bankruptcy for those smaller entrepreneurs. This reason is due to they are struggled to collect the trade debt. The traditional arrangement problematic is made by the international ownership of local banks even though this kind of problem is common of domestic market. The benefit of economic factor in San Francisco Coffee House is a decision related to the choice, another good means a good few. Income and wealth is not infinite, because only so much time. Trade off for individuals, business and society. In addition, economic assumes that people act rationally and try to make action to get their own compared to  the costs associated with  the greatest  interest. Change  is often  rational  considerations,  rather than  making  the average marginal effect. Political factor is